Bolt load axial force

Minimum bolt load calculation for operational status
Calculation formula for minimum bolt load in operation state in pipeline design
Input four known variables from five variables in pipeline design, including the diameter of the gasket compression center circle Dg (mm).
Calculation of axial force caused by pressure load in pipeline design
Three known variables are included in the design of the input pipeline, including the design pressure Pc (MPa), flange bolt center circle diameter Db (mm), bolt diameter db (mm), and axial force Fd (N).