Gaban by Munshi Premchand

Premchand (31 July 1880 – 8 October 1936), better known as Munshi Premchand,Munshi being an honorary prefix, was an Indian writer famous for his modern Hindi-Urdu literature. He is one of the most celebrated writers of the Indian subcontinent, and is regarded as one of the foremost Hindustani writers of the early twentieth century, Born Dhanpat Rai Srivastav, he began writing under the pen name "Nawab Rai", but subsequently switched to "Premchand". A novel writer, story writer and dramatist, he has been referred to as the "Upanyas Samrat" ("Emperor among Novelists") by writers. His works include more than a dozen novels, around 250 short stories, several essays and translations of a number of foreign literary works into Hindi.

The novel revolves around Ramaa, a young man of malleable moral values and his intrepid wife Jaalpa who seems outwardly flaky and greedy for gold ornaments but hides a much stronger core. Ramaa’s world is build on a mountain of lies and hubris. Jaalpa is young and restless and believes all the tall stories her handsome husband tells.Rama soon finds himself committing fraud(Gaban) to buy her ornaments which leads to a huge misunderstanding thanks to his cowardice. Gaban tells its story with impeccable empathy for all its characters.
The novel is a broad exploration of middle class hypocrisy and cowardice especially among men. Premchand paints in rich shades of grey unlike the bulk of the cinema of the time.By contrasting the relatively higher moral ground occupied by a low-caste character called Devideen , with Ramaa’s many weaknesses, he seems to be making a comment about the petit bourgeoisie of the time .This is also a novel about the inherent strength of women and how a faulty understanding of their psyche and considering them as mere objects, lead to the downfall of Indian society.

ग़बन प्रेमचंद द्वारा रचित उपन्यास है। ‘निर्मला’ के बाद ‘गबन’ प्रेमचंद का दूसरा यथार्थवादी उपन्यास है। कहना चाहिए कि यह उसके विकास की अगली कड़ी है। ग़बन का मूल विषय है - 'महिलाओं का पति के जीवन पर प्रभाव'।

ग़बन प्रेमचन्द के एक विशेष चिन्ताकुल विषय से सम्बन्धित उपन्यास है। यह विषय है, गहनों के प्रति पत्नी के लगाव का पति के जीवन पर प्रभाव। गबन में टूटते मूल्यों के अंधेरे में भटकते मध्यवर्ग का वास्तविक चित्रण किया गया। इन्होंने समझौतापरस्त और महत्वाकांक्षा से पूर्ण मनोवृत्ति तथा पुलिस के चरित्र को बेबाकी से प्रस्तुत करते हुए कहानी को जीवंत बना दिया गया है।

इस उपन्यास में प्रेमचंद ने पहली नारी समस्या को व्यापक भारतीय परिप्रेक्ष्य में रखकर देखा है और उसे तत्कालीन भारतीय स्वाधीनता आंदोलन से जोड़कर देखा है। सामाजिक जीवन और कथा-साहित्य के लिए यह एक नई दिशा की ओर संकेत करता है। यह उपन्यास जीवन की असलियत की छानबीन अधिक गहराई से करता है, भ्रम को तोड़ता है। नए रास्ते तलाशने के लिए पाठक को नई प्रेरणा देता है।

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